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sábado, 17 de noviembre de 2012

Respiratory system

Respiratory system .

INTRODUCTION

—Here you are going to obtain information about the respiratory system in each class of kingdom ( Humans,Fish, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and insects).

Also we are going to know what is the respiratory system.


 What is a respiratory system?
—The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases is the respiratory system's means of getting oxygen to the blood.

Respiratory system in humans.

How is the process of the respiratory sysyem?

1.Air enters the nostrils.

2.Passes through the nasopharynx.

3.The oral pharynx.

4.Through the glottis.

5.Into the trachea.

6.Into the right and left bronchi.

7.Bronchioles, each of which terminates in a cluster .

8.Alveoli.



What is the main organ in the respiratory system of the human?


—The main organ is the lungs and it function is to store the body's oxygen supply and they are the pumps that push air around and out of the body.


Respiratory system in amphibians

—Both the lungs and the skin serve as respiratory organs in amphibians. The skin of these animals is highly vascular zed and moist, with moisture maintained via secretion of mucus from specialized cells. While the lungs are of primary importance to breathing control, the skin's unique properties aid rapid gas exchange when amphibians are submerged in oxygen-rich water.


Respiratory system in reptile



—With reptiles lacking the very extensive airway tree structure found in mammalian lungs. Gas exchange in reptiles still occurs in alveoli however, reptiles do not possess a diaphragm. Thus, breathing occurs via a change in the volume of the body cavity which is controlled by contraction of intercostal muscles in all reptiles except turtles. In turtles, contraction of specific pairs of flank muscles governs inspiration or expiration.


Respiratory system in birds
—The respiratory system of birds differs significantly from that found in mammals, containing unique anatomical features such as air sacs. The lungs of birds also do not have the capacity to inflate as birds lack a diaphragm and a pleural cavity. Gas exchange in birds occurs between air capillaries and blood capillaries, rather than in alveoli.

Respiratory system in fish


—The main organ of the respiratory system in fish is named gill.  Lungfish, however, do possess one or two lungs. The labyrinth fish have developed a special organ that allows them to take advantage of the oxygen of the air.


In invertebrates

INSECTS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

—Air enters the respiratory systems of most insects through a series of external openings called spiracles. These external openings, which act as muscular va—Air enters the respiratory systems of most insects through a series of external openings called spiracles. These external openings, which act as muscular valves in some insects, lead to the internal respiratory system, a densely networked array of tubes called tracheaelves in some insects, lead to the internal respiratory system, a densely networked array of tubes called tracheae.

Respiratory system of a a mollusk

—Molluscs generally possess gills that allow exchange of oxygen from an aqueous environment into the circulatory system. These animals also possess a heart that pumps blood which contains hemocyaninine as its oxygen-capturing molecule. Hence, this respiratory system is similar to that of vertebrate fish. The respiratory system of gastropods can include either gills or a lung.

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