The different atomic models of diverse scientists and the physical and chemical process in matter

Chemistry

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

"Matter structure and properties

Matter: All surrounding us that have mass and takes up space. Light and sound are not matter. All matter is made up of millions of atoms.

1.      Matter states

1.1 Bose-Einstein It was created by scientists in a lab and it can´t be found in nature. Its particles are packed closer together than a solid´s particle and they vibrate less.
1.2 Solids Have a definite shape and takes up certain amount of space. Particles are packed close together vibrating in place. That is why solids are rigid.
1.3 Liquids Have their own volume but it takes the shape of its container. They can be poured from one container to another. The particles are farther apart. They are able to move a little, so liquids change shape and flow.
1.4 Gases Have not a definite shape or volume. It takes up all the space of its container. The particles are far apart. They move rapidly, always getting farther apart until something stops them.
1.5 Plasma It is produced when electrons get out of the orbits when the temperature is so hot. Particles of plasma are far apart and moving faster than gas´ particles. They produce light.

2.      Properties of matter

There are two main properties that all objects have…

2.1 MASS: Is the amount of matter is there in an object. Mass doesn´t change if the shape of the object changes. Is measured in grams.

2.2 VOLUME: Is the amount of space an object takes up. Is measured in milliliters or cm³.

3.     

     Physical properties

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter…

Some examples are: Odor, appearance, texture, color, shape, size, solubility, melting point, boiling point, etc.

3.1 DENSITY: Is physical property of matter and it measures how closely object´s atoms are.  Is the relationship between mass and volume.

Density= mass/volume (grams/milliliters)

Mass= density × volume

Volume= mass/density

3.2 MELTING AND BOILING POINT: Are physical properties of matter that describes the temperature at which solid, gas or liquid will change state. Melting point is always lower than boiling point. The pressure affects these physical properties.

Example: Water: 100^oC boiling. 0^oC melting.

3.3 TEMPERATURE SCALES

• Fahrenheit: ^oF- 32 x 5/9= ^oC
• Celsius: ^oC x 9/5 + 32= ^oF
• Kelvin scale: Temperature scale beginning at absolute zero (-273.15°C or -459.67°F). there is no more before absolute zero.

4.      Physical changes

A change in state is a physical change, a change in which the substance itself is still the same substance. Its form changes, but its chemical makeup or composition doesn’t. Matter is not lost in these changes…

4.1 Freeze: when a liquid turns into a solid by the cold temperature.

4.2 Melt: when a solid turns into a liquid by the hot temperature.

4.3 Boil and evaporate: when a liquid turns into a gas by the hot temperature.

4.4 Condense: when a gas turns into a liquid by meeting with something 

5.      Chemical properties

Chemical properties describe an object´s ability to change into another substance or change its chemical composition…

5.1 COMBUSTIBILITY: Measures how easily a substance will burn or combine rapidly with oxygen.

5.2 REACTIVITY: Is the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change or reaction.

6.   

        Chemical changes

When one substance changes and results into other substance or substances is called chemical change. When the chemical composition of an object changes, when the color change indicates there is a change. Chemical changes doesn´t create new matter, just new substances…

6.1 Burning: when an object is subjected to fire, it changes its chemical composition, for example, wood when burns it changes to ash.

6.2 Corrosion: when iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms. The rust is a brand new substance. It’s a combination of iron and oxygen with properties different from either of them.

More examples of chemical changes are: Mixing chemicals, cooking some types of food, mixing some ingredients, digesting food, explosions, in the photosynthesis, etc"

This is my PPT of :the different atomic models of diverse scientists and the physical and chemical process in matter. Follow this link:  http://www.slideshare.net/SGalindoZ/atomic-model-original-16983673



References:http://vermontbio.blogspot.com/